Polarimetric SAR

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POLARIMETRIC SAR

CLASSIFY TARGETS

QUAD-POL (POLARIMETRIC SAR) IS A MODE OF SAR IMAGERY WHICH TRANSMITS AND RECEIVES SIGNALS OF MULTIPLE POLARIZATIONS RATHER THAN JUST ONE POLARIZATION. QUAD-POL CLASSIFIES TARGETS MORE ACCURATELY WITH A VARIETY OF PERSPECTIVES ON THE SAME SCENE.

Polarimetric SAR systems enhance the capabilities of basic radar systems by transmitting and receiving in multiple polarizations. By utilizing different polarizations, it is possible to discern unique and distinct features of targets. Some features can be observed in one polarization and not in another. Target characteristics can be defined more clearly by combining all four polarization modes.

In basic terms, radar systems can transmit and receive either a Horizontal (H) or a Vertical (V) polarization of a radio wave. Polarimetric SAR can be performed by either transmitting horizontal and vertical polarizations or receiving horizontal and vertical polarizations, or both.

QUAD-POL IMAGE SAMPLES

TYPICAL USES FOR QUAD-POL

When QUAD-POL radar is combined with other capabilities, such as Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging, IMSAR systems can perform multiple applications in a variety of industries. Typical uses for IMSAR ISR solutions can include:

  • Intelligence Gathering
  • Disaster Preparation & Response
  • Emergency Rescue
  • Search & Rescue Operations
  • Counter Drug Trafficking Operations
  • Military Surveillance
  • Border Security
  • Infrastructure Monitoring
Contact Us

For more information about QUAD-POL and other products, contact us at information@imsar.com or call IMSAR sales at 801.798.8440.

Interferometric SAR

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INTERFEROMETRIC SAR

DETERMINE ELEVATION

IFSAR (INTERFEROMETRIC SAR) TRANSMITS AND RECEIVES RADAR SIGNALS FROM MULTIPLE ANTENNAS TO PRECISELY TRIANGULATE DIFFERENCES IN ELEVATION. BY COMPARING THE PARALLAX BETWEEN ANTENNAS, IFSAR CAN CREATE A DIGITAL ELEVATION MAP OF AN AREA OF INTEREST.

IFSAR is a special mode of Synthetic Aperture Radar imaging that uses signals from different angles to simultaneously form images of an area and measure the height of each pixel in the image.

IFSAR systems use two receive antennas that are separated perpendicular to the aircraft’s direction of travel. The two antennas receive the transmitted signal at different angles creating a stereo-like effect that allows the distance to each target to be precisely measured. By measuring the difference in the timing (phase) of the two receive signals, a Digital Elevation Map (DEM) can be created.

IMSAR’s IFSAR system can be used to form DEMs in real time with a single pass over the desired area. DEMs created from IFSAR systems are more accurate than photogrammetric techniques and typically have a shorter turnaround time and lower cost than high altitude LiDAR systems.

IMSAR’s IFSAR system can generate DEMs with vertical accuracy in the range of a few centimeters. The imagery produced by the Ku-band IFSAR sensor has ground resolution post spacings between 0.1 meters (4 inches) and 1 meter regardless of sensor altitude. When multiple IFSAR maps of the same area are compared over time, changes in elevation due to subsidence or earth deposits can be tracked. IFSAR is sensitive enough to measure even sub-centimeter changes in elevation.

IFSAR IMAGE SAMPLES

TYPICAL USES FOR IFSAR

When IFSAR radar is combined with other capabilities, such as Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging, IMSAR systems can perform multiple applications in a variety of industries. Typical uses for IMSAR ISR solutions can include:

  • Intelligence Gathering
  • Disaster Preparation & Response
  • Border Security
  • Military Surveillance
  • Landslide Monitoring
  • Counter Drug Trafficking Operations
  • Search & Rescue Operations
  • Wildland Fire Monitoring
  • Emergency Rescue
Contact Us

For more information about IFSAR and other products, contact us at information@imsar.com or call IMSAR sales at 801.798.8440.

Degraded Visual Environment

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DEGRADED VISUAL ENVIRONMENT

SEE HIDDEN THINGS

DVE (DEGRADED VISUAL ENVIRONMENT) IS A RADAR CAPABILITY DESIGNED TO SEE IN VISUALLY DEGRADED ENVIRONMENTS. DVE EXPLOITS THE ADVANTAGES OF RADAR TO SEE THROUGH ATMOSPHERIC OBSTRUCTIONS AND PROVIDE DATA FOR SAFE NAVIGATION WHEN VISION IS LIMITED.

Degraded Visual Environments (DVE) occur when the crew is unable to see properly or accurately due to weather, obstacles, or other obscurants such as brown-outs. The DVE radar capability pierces through these obscurants in order to see the ground below. This information is then sent to the crew’s guidance system or as a visual to the crew’s heads-up display enabling the crew to see through the obscurant. This capability results in greater situational awareness and can help the crew to avoid fatal mishaps often caused by brown-outs or adverse weather conditions.

DVE IMAGE SAMPLES

TYPICAL USES FOR DVE

IMSAR systems can perform multiple applications in a variety of industries. Typical uses for IMSAR’s ISR solutions can include:

  • Reconnaissance Missions
  • Wildland Fire Studies
  • Minimize Asset Damages
  • Search & Rescue Operations
  • Brown-out Visibility
  • Increase Personnel Safety
  • Wildland Fire Monitoring
  • White-out Visibility
  • Emergency Rescue
Contact Us

For more information about DVE and other products, contact us at information@imsar.com or call IMSAR sales at 801.798.8440.

Moving Target Indicator

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MOVING TARGET INDICATOR

TRACK MOVING TARGETS

MTI RADAR ANALYZES THE DOPPLER EFFECT OF RADAR SIGNALS TO DIFFERENTIATE MOVING TARGETS FROM A STATIONARY BACKGROUND AND CONTINUOUSLY TRACK MULTIPLE SLOW AND FAST MOVING TARGETS SIMULTANEOUSLY IN A LARGE AREA.

MTI systems enhance the capabilities of basic radar systems using multiple receive antennas along the length of the aircraft. Using advanced algorithms to compare the signals collected, the system can distinguish between moving objects and stationary ones. The multiple antennas also allow the precise location of the moving targets to be identified.

MTI systems provide information on the location of moving targets within the imaging area as “detections” overlaid on an optical map. As the targets move, their distance in relation to the passing radar describes the path they have taken. This information allows the radar system to produce “tracks” showing the path that the moving target has taken.

The positions of the targets tracked using the MTI radar can be processed and updated as the radar images them. This gives real-time locations of multiple targets that are geo-located and displayed on a map or satellite image.

MTI IMAGE SAMPLES

TYPICAL USES FOR MTI

Using MTI and combining it with other ISR solutions allows IMSAR systems to perform multiple applications in a variety of industries. Typical uses for IMSAR’s ISR solutions can include:

  • Intelligence Gathering
  • Military Surveillance
  • Search & Rescue Operations
  • Counter Drug Trafficking Operations
  • Counter Drug Trafficking Operations
  • Counter Illegal Fishing Operations

AVAILABLE PRODUCTS

IMSAR systems that are capable of performing MTI are available in a variety of configurations that are designed for easy integration onto manned or unmanned aircraft. The following configurations can be used for MTI missions:

Contact Us

For more information about MTI and other products, contact us at information@imsar.com or call IMSAR sales at 801.798.8440.

Maritime Monitoring

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MARITIME MONITORING

MONITOR LITTORAL ACTIVITY

USING SAR TO MONITOR LITTORAL OR MARITIME ENVIRONMENTS SIMPLIFIES THE ABILITY TO DISCERN A WATERBORNE TARGET FROM THE WATER UPON WHICH IT FLOATS, MAKING IT POSSIBLE TO DETECT ALL KINDS OF BOATS, EVEN SEMI-SUBMERSIBLES, WITH EASE AND CONFIDENCE.

The Maritime mode of the NanoSAR radar can automatically detect objects on the surface of large bodies of water. Maritime environments present a unique challenge for detecting objects because of their vast search areas and the moving nature of the background sea clutter.

Detecting objects in maritime environments using optical methods alone can be difficult. The Maritime-mode performs wide-area searches in maritime and littoral environments to gather information about the strength (magnitude) of the received signal. Even though the background sea clutter is moving in unpredictable patterns, advanced algorithms allow the Maritime-mode radar to distinguish boats and other objects on the water from the background sea clutter.

TYPICAL USES FOR MMTI

When MMTI is combined with other capabilities, such as Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging, IMSAR systems can perform multiple applications in a variety of industries. Typical uses for IMSAR’s ISR solutions can include:

  • Intelligence Gathering
  • Military Surveillance
  • Reconnaissance Missions
  • Search & Rescue Operations
  • Counter Drug Trafficking Operations
  • Counter Illegal Fishing Operations
MMTI IMAGE SAMPLES

AVAILABLE PRODUCTS

IMSAR systems that are capable of performing CCD are available in a variety of configurations that are designed for easy integration onto manned or unmanned aircraft. The following configurations can be used for CCD missions:

Contact Us

For more information about MMTI and other products, contact us at information@imsar.com or call IMSAR sales at 801.798.8440.

Geospatial Mapping

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GEOSPATIAL MAPPING
GEOSPATIAL MAPPING IS A MODE OF ELECTRO-OPTICAL IMAGING WHICH CAPTURES HIGH-RESOLUTION, PHOTOGRAPHIC STILLS WHICH ARE THEN ORTHORECTIFIED AND STITCHED TOGETHER. THIS CAPABILITY IS USED FOR UPDATING OUTDATED MAPS OR CREATING ENTIRELY NEW MAPS.

Geospatial mapping captures high-resolution photographic imagery and constructs maps of the landscape. As an application of GEOINT, or geospatial intelligence, the electro-optical imagery is used to update outdated maps and provide the most current look at the landscape. Imagery captured for geospatial mapping may be taken from directly overhead or off-nadir. Through orthorectification, imagery captured for geospatial mapping is adjusted for planimetric accuracy, modifying the image for the tilted perspective of the camera as well as the foreshortening of the terrain.

TYPICAL USES FOR GEOSPATIAL MAPPING

Using GEOINT and combining it with other ISR solutions allows IMSAR systems to perform multiple applications in a variety of industries. Typical uses for IMSAR’s ISR solutions can include:

  • Intelligence Gathering
  • Pipeline Monitoring
  • Monitoring Mining Operations
  • Military Surveillance
  • Landslide Monitoring
  • Border Security
  • Reconnaissance Missions
  • Monitoring Construction Sites
  • Navigation
GEO IMAGE SAMPLES

AVAILABLE PRODUCTS

IMSAR systems that are capable of performing GEO-Mapping are available in a variety of configurations that are designed for easy integration onto manned or unmanned aircraft. The following configurations can be used for GEO-Mapping missions:

Contact Us

For more information about geospatial mapping and other products, contact us at information@imsar.com or call IMSAR sales at 801.798.8440.

Infrared

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INFRARED
IR IMAGERY IS CAPTURED BY A MID-WAVE INFRARED SENSOR CAPABLE OF DETECTING INFRARED LIGHT AS THERMAL RADIATION. THE DETECTS ARE COMPILED INTO A MAP HIGHLIGHTING THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AREAS OF HIGH THERMAL RADIATION AND LOW THERMAL RADIATION.

Infrared (IR) imaging detects emitted, transmitted, and reflected infrared energy and converts it into a false color image. Different energy ranges are depicted as different colors within the image. High amounts of energy are usually shown as warm colors i.e. red whereas low amounts of energy are shown as cool colors i.e. blue. The amount of infrared energy emitted is strongly dependent on the surface temperature of the objects being imaged.

TYPICAL USES FOR IR

Using IR and combining it with other ISR solutions allows IMSAR systems to perform multiple applications in a variety of industries. Typical uses for IMSAR’s ISR solutions can include:

  • Intelligence Gathering
  • Pipeline Monitoring
  • Monitoring Mining Operations
  • Military Surveillance
  • Landslide Monitoring
  • Border Security
  • Reconnaissance Missions
  • Monitoring Construction Sites
  • Navigation
IR IMAGE SAMPLES

AVAILABLE PRODUCTS

IMSAR systems that are capable of performing IR are available in a variety of configurations that are designed for easy integration onto manned or unmanned aircraft. The following configurations can be used for IR missions:

Contact Us

For more information about IR and other products, contact us at information@imsar.com or call IMSAR sales at 801.798.8440.

Electro-Optical

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ELECTRO-OPTICAL
EO IMAGERY ARE PHOTOGRAPHIC STILLS CAPTURED WITH AN ELECTRO-OPTICAL SENSOR (A HIGH-RESOLUTION CAMERA EQUIPPED WITH A TELEPHOTO ZOOM LENS) THAT DETECTS THE MAGNITUDE AND COLOR OF EMITTED OR REFLECTED LIGHT AND RECORDS THE INFORMATION IN THE FORM OF PIXELS.

EO imagery photographic stills captured with an electro-optical sensor, specifically a high-resolution camera equipped with a telephoto zoom lens. This form of imagery detects the magnitude and color of emitted or reflected light and digitally records the information in the form of pixels.

Imagery of the landscape below can be captured from nadir or off-nadir. This imagery can them be enlarged via the optical zoom of the telephoto lens and then enhanced digitally due to the large resolution of the imagery.

TYPICAL USES FOR EO

Using EO and combining it with other ISR solutions allows IMSAR systems to perform multiple applications in a variety of industries. Typical uses for IMSAR’s ISR solutions can include:

  • Intelligence Gathering
  • Pipeline Monitoring
  • Monitoring Mining Operations
  • Military Surveillance
  • Landslide Monitoring
  • Border Security
  • Reconnaissance Missions
  • Monitoring Construction Sites
  • Navigation
EO IMAGE SAMPLES

AVAILABLE PRODUCTS

IMSAR systems that are capable of performing EO are available in a variety of configurations that are designed for easy integration onto manned or unmanned aircraft. The following configurations can be used for EO missions:

Contact Us

For more information about EO and other products, contact us at information@imsar.com or call IMSAR sales at 801.798.8440.

Ultra Wide Band

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PENETRATING RADAR

SEE THROUGH FOLIAGE

PENETRATING RADAR IS A RADAR IMAGING CAPABILITY THAT EXPLOITS THE ADVANTAGES OF LOW-FREQUENCY RADAR BANDS, SUCH AS ULTRA-WIDE BAND, TO SEE THROUGH FOLIAGE, THE GROUND, AND OTHER VISUAL OBSTRUCTIONS PERMEABLE TO RADIO WAVES.

Foliage creates a barrier that can reflect signals and prevent them from reaching the objects and terrain below. FOPEN is performed using low-frequency radar systems (see SAR) whose long wavelength signals naturally penetrate foliage. Optical and infrared sensors do not penetrate through foliage and can even be reflected by other, less dense barriers including clouds and smoke.

Low-frequency radar systems can produce a variety of data products through foliage. For example, SAR imaging with low-frequency radar allows manmade objects, such as buildings and vehicles, to be directly detected through foliage. Additionally, significant changes beneath foliage can be detected by using the CCD process. (See CCD)

UWB IMAGE SAMPLES

TYPICAL USES FOR FOPEN

Using FOPEN and combining it with other ISR solutions allows IMSAR systems to perform multiple applications in a variety of industries. Typical uses for IMSAR’s ISR solutions can include:

  • Disaster Preparation & Response
  • Emergency Rescue
  • Livestock & Wildlife Monitoring
  • Military Surveillance
  • Border Security
  • Tracking Applications
  • Search & Rescue Operations
  • Counter Drug Trafficking Operations
  • Wildland Fire Monitoring

AVAILABLE PRODUCTS

IMSAR systems that are capable of performing FOPEN are available in a variety of configurations that are designed for easy integration onto manned or unmanned aircraft.

Contact Us

For more information about UWB and other products, contact us at information@imsar.com or call IMSAR sales at 801.798.8440.

Coherent Change Detection

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COHERENT CHANGE DETECTION

DETECT CHANGES

CCD COMBINES TWO SAR IMAGES OF THE SAME SCENE TAKEN AT DIFFERENT TIMES AND USES AN ALGORITHM TO CREATE A NEW IMAGE. THIS NEW IMAGE HIGHLIGHTS THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE TWO SAR IMAGES, TELLING A STORY ABOUT WHAT HAPPENED.

CCD is comprised of Coherent Change Detection and Magnitude Change Detection. Both change detection processes use radio waves captured in SAR imagery to determine changes that have occurred between two subsequent images.

CCD requires multiple images of the same area. The first flight pass over an area generates a baseline, or reference, SAR image. On a subsequent pass the SAR system collects data over the same area and an additional SAR image is generated. The two passes are then compared and processed to form the CCD image.

Differences in coherence appear in black and white, black indicating those signals that returned with a change in timing, and white indicating no change. Magnitude differences between the two images show up as red and blue. Red indicates what has left, “Red Fled” and blue indicates what is new to the scene, “Blue New.”

Changes and activities that are not easily seen in a single pass become obvious through the CCD process.

CCD IMAGE SAMPLES

TYPICAL USES FOR CCD

Using CCD and combining it with other ISR solutions allows IMSAR systems to perform multiple applications in a variety of industries. Typical uses for IMSAR’s ISR solutions can include:

  • Intelligence Gathering
  • Military Surveillance
  • Search & Rescue Operations
  • Disaster Preparation & Response
  • Landslide Monitoring
  • Wildland Fire Monitoring
  • Pipeline Monitoring
  • Livestock & Wildlife Monitoring
  • Monitoring Construction Sites
  • Monitoring Mining Operations
  • Border Security
  • Counter Drug Trafficking Operations

AVAILABLE PRODUCTS

IMSAR systems that are capable of performing CCD are available in a variety of configurations that are designed for easy integration onto manned or unmanned aircraft. The following configurations can be used for CCD missions:

Contact Us

For more information about CCD and other products, contact us at information@imsar.com or call IMSAR sales at 801.798.8440.